Dodecamer structure of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nonstructural protein nsp10
Identifieur interne : 004462 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 004461; suivant : 004463Dodecamer structure of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nonstructural protein nsp10
Auteurs : DAN SU [République populaire de Chine] ; ZHIYONG LOU [République populaire de Chine] ; FEI SUN [République populaire de Chine] ; YUJIA ZHAI [République populaire de Chine] ; HAITAO YANG [République populaire de Chine] ; RONGGUANG ZHANG [République populaire de Chine, États-Unis] ; Andrzej Joachimiak [États-Unis] ; Xuejun C. Zhang [République populaire de Chine, États-Unis] ; Mark Bartlam [République populaire de Chine] ; ZIHE RAO [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- Journal of virology [ 0022-538X ] ; 2006.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
English descriptors
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) nonstructural proteins nspl to nsp16 have been implicated by genetic analysis in the assembly of a functional replication/transcription complex. We report the crystal structure of nsp10 from SARS-CoV at 2.1-Å resolution. The nsp10 structure has a novel fold, and 12 identical subunits assemble to form a unique spherical dodecameric architecture. Two zinc fingers have been identified from the nsp10 monomer structure with the sequence motifs C-(X)2-C-(X)5-H-(X)6-C and C-(X)2-C-(X)7-C-(X)-C. The nsp10 crystal structure is the first of a new class of zinc finger protein three-dimensional structures to be revealed experimentally. The zinc finger sequence motifs are conserved among all three coronavirus antigenic groups, implicating an essential function for nsp10 in all coronaviruses. Based on the structure, we propose that nsp10 is a transcription factor for coronavirus replication/transcription.
Affiliations:
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Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics (IBP), Chinese Academy of Sciences</s1><s2>Beijing 100101</s2><s3>CHN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>République populaire de Chine</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Crystallography Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation</s1><s2>Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bartlam, Mark" sort="Bartlam, Mark" uniqKey="Bartlam M" first="Mark" last="Bartlam">Mark Bartlam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Tsinghua-IBP Joint Research Group for Structural Biology," Tsinghua University</s1><s2>Beijing 100084</s2><s3>CHN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>République populaire de Chine</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics (IBP), Chinese Academy of Sciences</s1><s2>Beijing 100101</s2><s3>CHN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>République populaire de Chine</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zihe Rao" sort="Zihe Rao" uniqKey="Zihe Rao" last="Zihe Rao">ZIHE RAO</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Tsinghua-IBP Joint Research Group for Structural Biology," Tsinghua University</s1><s2>Beijing 100084</s2><s3>CHN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>République populaire de Chine</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics (IBP), Chinese Academy of Sciences</s1><s2>Beijing 100101</s2><s3>CHN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>République populaire de Chine</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">06-0391956</idno><date when="2006">2006</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 06-0391956 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:06-0391956</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">000474</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">000516</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">000488</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000488</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0022-538X:2006:Dan Su:dodecamer:structure:of</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">004689</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">004462</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">004462</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Dodecamer structure of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nonstructural protein nsp10</title><author><name sortKey="Dan Su" sort="Dan Su" uniqKey="Dan Su" last="Dan Su">DAN SU</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Tsinghua-IBP Joint Research Group for Structural Biology," Tsinghua University</s1><s2>Beijing 100084</s2><s3>CHN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>République populaire de Chine</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics (IBP), Chinese Academy of Sciences</s1><s2>Beijing 100101</s2><s3>CHN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>République populaire de Chine</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhiyong Lou" sort="Zhiyong Lou" uniqKey="Zhiyong Lou" last="Zhiyong Lou">ZHIYONG LOU</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Tsinghua-IBP Joint Research Group for Structural Biology," Tsinghua University</s1><s2>Beijing 100084</s2><s3>CHN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>République populaire de Chine</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics (IBP), Chinese Academy of Sciences</s1><s2>Beijing 100101</s2><s3>CHN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>République populaire de Chine</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fei Sun" sort="Fei Sun" uniqKey="Fei Sun" last="Fei Sun">FEI SUN</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Tsinghua-IBP Joint Research Group for Structural Biology," Tsinghua University</s1><s2>Beijing 100084</s2><s3>CHN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>République populaire de Chine</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics (IBP), Chinese Academy of Sciences</s1><s2>Beijing 100101</s2><s3>CHN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>République populaire de Chine</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yujia Zhai" sort="Yujia Zhai" uniqKey="Yujia Zhai" last="Yujia Zhai">YUJIA ZHAI</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Tsinghua-IBP Joint Research Group for Structural Biology," Tsinghua University</s1><s2>Beijing 100084</s2><s3>CHN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>République populaire de Chine</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics (IBP), Chinese Academy of Sciences</s1><s2>Beijing 100101</s2><s3>CHN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>République populaire de Chine</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haitao Yang" sort="Haitao Yang" uniqKey="Haitao Yang" last="Haitao Yang">HAITAO YANG</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Tsinghua-IBP Joint Research Group for Structural Biology," Tsinghua University</s1><s2>Beijing 100084</s2><s3>CHN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>République populaire de Chine</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics (IBP), Chinese Academy of Sciences</s1><s2>Beijing 100101</s2><s3>CHN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>République populaire de Chine</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rongguang Zhang" sort="Rongguang Zhang" uniqKey="Rongguang Zhang" last="Rongguang Zhang">RONGGUANG ZHANG</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics (IBP), Chinese Academy of Sciences</s1><s2>Beijing 100101</s2><s3>CHN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>République populaire de Chine</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory</s1><s2>Argonne, Illinois 60439</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Argonne, Illinois 60439</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Joachimiak, Andrzej" sort="Joachimiak, Andrzej" uniqKey="Joachimiak A" first="Andrzej" last="Joachimiak">Andrzej Joachimiak</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory</s1><s2>Argonne, Illinois 60439</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Argonne, Illinois 60439</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Xuejun C" sort="Zhang, Xuejun C" uniqKey="Zhang X" first="Xuejun C." last="Zhang">Xuejun C. Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics (IBP), Chinese Academy of Sciences</s1><s2>Beijing 100101</s2><s3>CHN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>République populaire de Chine</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Crystallography Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation</s1><s2>Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bartlam, Mark" sort="Bartlam, Mark" uniqKey="Bartlam M" first="Mark" last="Bartlam">Mark Bartlam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Tsinghua-IBP Joint Research Group for Structural Biology," Tsinghua University</s1><s2>Beijing 100084</s2><s3>CHN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>République populaire de Chine</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics (IBP), Chinese Academy of Sciences</s1><s2>Beijing 100101</s2><s3>CHN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>République populaire de Chine</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zihe Rao" sort="Zihe Rao" uniqKey="Zihe Rao" last="Zihe Rao">ZIHE RAO</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Tsinghua-IBP Joint Research Group for Structural Biology," Tsinghua University</s1><s2>Beijing 100084</s2><s3>CHN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>République populaire de Chine</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics (IBP), Chinese Academy of Sciences</s1><s2>Beijing 100101</s2><s3>CHN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>République populaire de Chine</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of virology</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. virol.</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-538X</idno><imprint><date when="2006">2006</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Journal of virology</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. virol.</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-538X</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus</term><term>Microbiology</term><term>Protein</term><term>Severe acute respiratory syndrome</term><term>Virology</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Coronavirus</term><term>Protéine</term><term>Microbiologie</term><term>Virologie</term><term>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) nonstructural proteins nspl to nsp16 have been implicated by genetic analysis in the assembly of a functional replication/transcription complex. We report the crystal structure of nsp10 from SARS-CoV at 2.1-Å resolution. The nsp10 structure has a novel fold, and 12 identical subunits assemble to form a unique spherical dodecameric architecture. Two zinc fingers have been identified from the nsp10 monomer structure with the sequence motifs C-(X)<sub>2</sub>-C-(X)<sub>5</sub>-H-(X)<sub>6</sub>-C and C-(X)<sub>2</sub>-C-(X)<sub>7</sub>-C-(X)-C. The nsp10 crystal structure is the first of a new class of zinc finger protein three-dimensional structures to be revealed experimentally. The zinc finger sequence motifs are conserved among all three coronavirus antigenic groups, implicating an essential function for nsp10 in all coronaviruses. Based on the structure, we propose that nsp10 is a transcription factor for coronavirus replication/transcription.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>République populaire de Chine</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><settlement><li>Pékin</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Dan Su" sort="Dan Su" uniqKey="Dan Su" last="Dan Su">DAN SU</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bartlam, Mark" sort="Bartlam, Mark" uniqKey="Bartlam M" first="Mark" last="Bartlam">Mark Bartlam</name><name sortKey="Bartlam, Mark" sort="Bartlam, Mark" uniqKey="Bartlam M" first="Mark" last="Bartlam">Mark Bartlam</name><name sortKey="Dan Su" sort="Dan Su" uniqKey="Dan Su" last="Dan Su">DAN SU</name><name sortKey="Fei Sun" sort="Fei Sun" uniqKey="Fei Sun" last="Fei Sun">FEI SUN</name><name sortKey="Fei Sun" sort="Fei Sun" uniqKey="Fei Sun" last="Fei Sun">FEI SUN</name><name sortKey="Haitao Yang" sort="Haitao Yang" uniqKey="Haitao Yang" last="Haitao Yang">HAITAO YANG</name><name sortKey="Haitao Yang" sort="Haitao Yang" uniqKey="Haitao Yang" last="Haitao Yang">HAITAO YANG</name><name sortKey="Rongguang Zhang" sort="Rongguang Zhang" uniqKey="Rongguang Zhang" last="Rongguang Zhang">RONGGUANG ZHANG</name><name sortKey="Yujia Zhai" sort="Yujia Zhai" uniqKey="Yujia Zhai" last="Yujia Zhai">YUJIA ZHAI</name><name sortKey="Yujia Zhai" sort="Yujia Zhai" uniqKey="Yujia Zhai" last="Yujia Zhai">YUJIA ZHAI</name><name sortKey="Zhang, Xuejun C" sort="Zhang, Xuejun C" uniqKey="Zhang X" first="Xuejun C." last="Zhang">Xuejun C. Zhang</name><name sortKey="Zhiyong Lou" sort="Zhiyong Lou" uniqKey="Zhiyong Lou" last="Zhiyong Lou">ZHIYONG LOU</name><name sortKey="Zhiyong Lou" sort="Zhiyong Lou" uniqKey="Zhiyong Lou" last="Zhiyong Lou">ZHIYONG LOU</name><name sortKey="Zihe Rao" sort="Zihe Rao" uniqKey="Zihe Rao" last="Zihe Rao">ZIHE RAO</name><name sortKey="Zihe Rao" sort="Zihe Rao" uniqKey="Zihe Rao" last="Zihe Rao">ZIHE RAO</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Rongguang Zhang" sort="Rongguang Zhang" uniqKey="Rongguang Zhang" last="Rongguang Zhang">RONGGUANG ZHANG</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Joachimiak, Andrzej" sort="Joachimiak, Andrzej" uniqKey="Joachimiak A" first="Andrzej" last="Joachimiak">Andrzej Joachimiak</name><name sortKey="Zhang, Xuejun C" sort="Zhang, Xuejun C" uniqKey="Zhang X" first="Xuejun C." last="Zhang">Xuejun C. Zhang</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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